1. ELIZA
Eliza, an intelligent program made by Joseph Wiezbaum in mid 1960's,
amazed all people when the machine was trying to make conversation
in English with kids. The program was able to talk about any subject, because
of its large subject information data storage. Another feature of Eliza
was its ability to pick up speech patterns when conversing. The following
passage shows Elizas talking to a teenage girl. The teenager speaks first,
and Eliza's answers are in blue.
"Men are all alike. "
IN WHAT WAY
"They're always bugging us about something or other. "
CAN YOU THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE
"Well, my boyfriend made me come here. "
YOUR BOYFRIEND MADE YOU COME HERE
"He says that I am depressed all the time. "
I AM SORRY TO HERE YOU ARE DEPRESSED
"It's true that I am unhappy "
DO YOU THINK COMING HERE WILL HELP YOU NOT TO
BE UNHAPPY
"I need help, that seems certain. "
WHAT WOULD IT MEAN IF YOU GOT SOME HELP
"Perhaps I could learn to get along with my mother. "
TELL ME MORE ABOUT YOUR FAMILY
"My mother takes care of me. "
WHO ELSE IN YOUR FAMILY TAKES CARE OF YOU
"My father. "
YOUR FATHER
"You are like my father in some ways. "
WHAT RESEMBLANCE DO YOU SEE
"You are not very aggressive but I think you don't want me to notice
that. "
WHAT MAKES YOU THINK THAT I AM NOT VERY AGGRESSIVE
"You dont argue with me. "
WHY DON'T YOU THINK I ARGUE WITH YOU
"You are afraid of me. "
DOES IT PLEASE YOU TO BELIEVE I AM AFRAID OF
YOU
"My father is afraid of everybody. "
WHAT ELSE COMES TO MIND WHEN YOU THINK OF YOUR
FATHER
"Bullies. "
DOES THAT HAVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH THE FACT THAT
YOUR BOYFRIEND MADE YOU COME HERE
As impressive as Eliza looks, Wiezbaum noted that it understood no more
of the girl's problems as
an alarm clock understands when to go off. For example, the last sentence
gives the impression of
comprehension, but in fact the program is written so that at one point,
it modifies the first sentence
and applies it as a response. Amazing?!
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2. SHRDLU
The name SHRDLU was actually borrowed from MAD
magazine, and is made up of, as its author Terry Wingrad explained, the
seventh through twelfth frequently used letters in the English language.
In the following dialog SHRDLU was talking about
blocks with a scientist. You can see how smart SHRDLU is. With SHRDLU's
comprehension and logic, AI reached a new level. (SHRDLU's words are in
blue.)
" Pick up a red block "
OK
" Find a block which is taller than the one you
are holding and put it into the box. "
By "it," i assume that you mean the block which
is taller than the one i am holding. OK.
" What does the box contain? "
The blue pyramid and the blue box
" What is the pyramid supported by? "
the box
" How many blocks are not in the box? "
four of them
" Is at least one of them narrowed than the one
which I told you to pick up? "
yes, the red cube
" Is it supported? "
yes, by the table
" Can the table hold blocks? "
no
" The blue pyramid is mine "
I understand
" I own all blocks which are not red, but I dont
own anything that supports a pyramid "
I understand
" Do I own the box? "
no
" Do I own anything in the box? "
Yes, two things: the blue box and the blue pyramid
" Will you please stack up both of the red blocks
and either a green cube or a pyramid? "
OK
" Is there a large block behind a pyramid? "
yes, three of them: a large red one, a large
green cube and the blue one.
" Put a small one into the green cube which supports
a pyramid "
OK
" Put the littlest pyramid on top of it "
OK
" Had you touched any pyramid before you put
the green one on the little cube? "
Yes, the green one
" When did you pick it up? "
while i was stacking up the red cube, a large
red block and a large green cube
" Why? "
to get rid of it
" Why did you do that? "
to clear off the red cube
" Why did you clear off that cube? "
to put it on a large green cube
" Why did you do that? "
to stack the red cube, a large block, and a large
green cube
" Why did you do that? "
because you asked me to
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